The Countdown, Episode 10 - Makemake's Shadow, Mars or Bust, A Super Jupiter, Monster Quasar, Moon Mash-Up

Story 5

In 2005, the dwarf planet Makemake passed between the Earth and a very bright star, casting a shadow known as an occultation. A new study of data collected from the occultation reveals that Makemake lacks an atmosphere.

Links:
Rare Apparition of Dwarf Planet Makemake Reveals a Largely Airless World

Story 4

Internet billionaire and SpaceX founder Elon Musk announced his plans for a future Mars colony of 80,000 people.? The price tag for a flight to the Martian colony: $500,000.

Links:
Martian Colony Designed by Private Space Flight Company

Story 3

Astronomers have discovered a giant gaseous planet about 13 times the size of Jupiter.? The ?super jupiter? is challenging previous notions of how planets form in solar systems with large stars.

Links:
?Super-Jupiter? Discovery Dwarfs Solar System?s Largest Planet

Story 2

The Very Large Telescope, belonging to the European Southern Observatory, has caught a glimpse of the most powerful quasar ever discovered.

Links:
Biggest Black Hole Blast Ever Could Solve Cosmological Mystery

Story 1

The moons of gas giants like Neptune and Uranus are arranged in a pattern where the smallest moons are closest to the planet and become gradually larger as you move farther out. This pattern has baffled scientists, but a new model explains how it could have emerged from rings of gas and dust similar to Saturn?s.

Links:
Solar System?s Moons May Have Emerged from Long-Gone Planetary Rings

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Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=0002110be267bc6fe6720b56ac251868

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The History of International Business Taxation and the Effect of ...

With the globalization of world economy, international business taxation plays a vital role in international trading. This essay introduces the history and the development of international business taxation in aspects of tax reform and the changes in corporate income tax briefly, meanwhile, analysis the negative and positive effect of international tax competition.

Key Words: history of international business taxation, international tax competition

This essay is aim to present the history of international business taxation and the tax reform in the past few decades and discuss the effect of international tax competition. In the first paragraph, we will introduce the history of international taxation from the World War I to recent years. The tax reform in the last two decades of EU and G7 countries also be indicate in this paragraph. As the development of international economy and business taxation, countries compete with each other in order to attract foreign investment. In paragraph two, we will introduce the international tax competition and present some empirical evidences of international tax competition. However, the effect of international tax competition has been debated fierce in recent years. In paragraph three, the negative effect of international tax competition will be discussed and the positive effect will be discussed in the following paragraph.

James (1998) states that taxation is ?A compulsory levy made by public authorities for which nothing is received directly in return?. It is necessary to review the international trade before we discuss the international taxation. International trade can be date back to over two thousand years which stated by Liu (1998, p.xiii) traders from Mesopotamia, Greece and Phoenicia made themselves very rich by engaging in Mediterranean trade. The international trade grows with the development of international economy. The first Bilateral Tax Agreement was signed between Belgium and France in 1843 when the international business taxation is still in an embryonic stage. Nevertheless, the international taxation system has been actually recognized since the World War I which plays a significant role in international finance, trading, and investment. At the beginning, international trade has been taxed trough indirect ways. The international business tax has been derived from customs duties when the goods and services imported from abroad. After the World War ?, the international business taxation system has been increasingly liberalized which the basic principles of international tax agreements have been laid out and spread quickly. The means of international trade taxed have been changed with a related increasing in direct sources. The whole taxation system were developed around how business profit being taxed. With the rapid growth of international economy, issues arose from the conflicts between jurisdictional rights to tax. Jurisdictions care about where the cost and revenue were generated and will be expensed. The profits and returns were taxed in forms of direct tax in the country which permanent establishment can be found or simply in forms of withholding tax.? Double taxation becomes the central problem of international taxation. Tax treaties have been emerged in order to reduce the bad effects of double taxation, enable tax neutrality, to avoid double tax and facilitate the international trade and investment. It provides the possibility to visit and invest overseas without paying large amount of tax. ?The OECD, USA and UN have produced model treaties after the World War ?. The commentary and OECD treaty being always updated which has been treated as a starting point for negotiation. The treaties defined and allocated the rights of countries to tax. Generally speaking, the returns on overseas investment should be taxed by residence principle whereas the business profits of companies are taxed by source principle. This compromise concealed the conflicts between countries which were mainly capital-exporters and capital-importers. While the international tax agreements are useful and practical tool to resolve the jurisdictional rights between countries to tax income created by multinational companies, it is necessary to require continual renegotiation between countries as a result of countries compete with each other to attract foreign investment. Tax reform especially the corporate income tax in industry countries has been considered from the 1980s. The average statutory rates have been decreased from 48% to 35% from the beginning of the 1980s to 2001. The corporate tax rate has been declined over this period except Spain and Italy. In 1992, the EU appointed that the minimum statutory corporation tax rate has been proposed to 30% which is at the bottom of that time except the Ireland. At the end of 1990s, nearly half of the EU countries? statutory corporation tax rates were at or below 30%. For instance, the main corporate tax rate in the UK was below 30% all the time over the past few years. According to the tax reform in the EU and G7 countries, the tax reform movements are almost universal such as lower tax rate and broaden tax base in order to attract new foreign investment.

To some extent, the universal tax reform movement of reduce the tax rate may indicates the signal of a process of international tax competition. In this tax competition world, the tax rates are not set absolutely freedom as it is necessary for countries to pay attention to what their rivals have been doing. Different tax jurisdictions use their tax system to compete with each other thereby attracting foreign investments. There are two kinds of foreign investments in broadly; they are portfolio investment and foreign direct investments respectively. The portfolio investments do not involve running a business which including bank deposits, company shares holdings, government securities holdings, bond holdings and so on. On the other hand, the foreign direct investment involves found the business such as subsidiaries and branches in another countries. In this essay, we focus on the tax competition based on the foreign direct investment. There are a number of forms of tax competition which the most common one is the lower tax rate. In addition, the tax-free zones, tax holidays, reduction or elimination of withholding taxes, particular investment allowance, and accelerated depreciation deductions for foreign investors are common forms of tax competition as well. There are some empirical evidences of tax competition of the last two decades. The figures 1 demonstrate there is a steady decrease of corporate tax rates in the EU from 1995 to 2006 and the figure 2 indicates the evolution of corporate tax rates for OECD and EU from 1995 to 2007. If we confirm the international tax competition accompany with the corporate rates reduction, the evolution of the EU tax systems in the last two decades is a perfect instance of international tax competition between each tax jurisdictions. Tax rates have significantly decreased as a consequence of international tax competition. Specifically, the figure 2 shows the average tax rates have decreased by nearly 10% for EU15 from 1993 to 2007 and declined to less than 20% in 2007 for EU 10. The entry of new members of the EU in 2005 may take more pressure on the international tax competition of the old EU.

Figure 1: Statutory corporate tax rates in the EU from 1995 to 2006

Figure 2: The evolution of corporate tax rates in OECD and EU, 1995-2006

It is obvious that as the accelerating of the process of globalization, countries expand the tax competition for mobility of tax base and attract investment. But the issue arose from how does international tax competition works. On the one hand, from the literature review, there is no controversy about the harmful of international tax competition in the world. W. Oates (1972) states that ?The result of tax competition may well be a tendency toward less than efficient levels of output of local services. In an attempt to keep taxes low to attract business investment, local officials may hold spending below those levels for which marginal benefits equal marginal costs, particularly for those programs that do not offer direct benefits to local business.? Consequently, the negative effect may obtain from the international tax competition on suboptimal level of public expenditure. Local governments may found themselves involved in a tax rate war which similar to the market price war so as to attract tax bases. There will be a loss of tax revenue and the earnings will be gone to multinational companies instead thus the government would be more difficult to supply public goods and service. Furthermore, the international tax competition might lead to an unfair tax system. In order to balance the financial resources, the shortfall in corporate tax as a result of tax rate reduction caused by international tax competition will be passed on to the property tax, consumption tax, income tax and other tax base with relatively weak mobility. In addition, the international tax competition provides the possibility for the transfer pricing and international tax avoidance. For instance, subsidiary A within a multinational company located in low tax regime supply goods and services to subsidiary B within a multinational company located in high tax regime for ?high? price thus the profit of subsidiary A is higher and the opposite of subsidiary B. Therefore, the net profit after tax within the group will be increased as a result of transfer pricing. In economic literature, competition to some degree seems to be a special value and meaning. Competition is the key variable of the market mechanism which can lead to improve the efficient allocation in public sector. However, it is opposite in tax domain, an inefficient allocation might occur when there is an international tax competition between countries. Different tax jurisdictions tend to attract tax bases through the mobility of consumers and corporate. Tax bases will be reallocated among countries as a result of this mobility. Multinational companies will endeavor to exploit the possible tax arbitrage by transfer into the more beneficial regions. The gain of the tax base by one jurisdiction comes from the loss of another. Hence, tax externality between countries would be caused by the mobility.

On the other hand, there is another voice for support the tax competition. Other things being equal, the country who takes part in international tax competition will attract more cash flows thereby promoting the development of the country?s economy.? The case of Ireland provides an excellent instance of benefit from international tax competition even if this particular regime expired at the end of 2005. There are a number of benefits can be obtained by shareholders through the using of Irish financial service centre companies such as 200% deduction for rental expenditure, 100% reduction for equipment or refurbishment in relation to buildings, 10% tax rate and exemption from stamp duty. Ireland has been highly successful in tax competition and attracts a large number of financial service companies to run business in Dublin which has overtaken Luxembourg as the EU?s leading jurisdiction for cross-border life assurance. Furthermore, the value of investment fund assets has been grown faster than other countries especially in hedge funds which facilitate the stock market to manage the funds established outside the EU. Ireland has become a significant cross-border services financial market.

Besides, in general, high tax rates, unfair taxation and non-standard tax system will affect the taxpayer?s decision-making behavior and resulting in unnecessary loss, damage the tax neutrality. However, international tax competition will lead countries to reduce their tax rates and broaden the tax base, thereby reducing the distorting effects of tax in economy and conducive to implementing the principle of tax neutrality.

Summary:

Since the World War I the international taxation system has been recognized and afterwards the tax competition has been emerge with the development of international economy and tax system. Countries compete with each other to attract foreign investment. Even though the limit harmful of international tax competition is undisputed, we cannot neglect its positive effect.

Bernauer, T. and Styrsky, V. (2004) Adjustment or Voice? Corporate Responses to International Tax Competition. European Journal of International Relations, 10 (1): 61-94.

Devereux, M.P., Griffith, R. and Klemm, A. (2002) Corporate income tax reforms and international tax competition. Economic Policy, 17 (35): 450-495.

Edgar, T. (2003) Corporate Income Tax Coordination as a Response to International Tax Competition and International Tax Arbitrage. Canadian Tax Journal, 51 (3): 1079-1158.

Ferrett, B. and Wooton, I. (2010) Competing for a duopoly: international trade and tax competition. Canadian Journal of Economics, 43 (3): 776-794.

Gravelle, J.G. (1986) International Tax Competition: does it make a Difference for Tax Policy? National Tax Journal, 39 (3): 375-384.

Ida, T. (2006) International Tax Competition and Double Taxation. Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, 18 (3): 192-208.

Lymer, A. and Hasseldine, J. (2002) The international taxation system. Boston, Mass. ; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Enrico Buglione (2010) Tax Competition and Fiscal Federalism in Italy. OECD Conference on Tax Competition Between Sun-central Governments Bern, 31 May- 1 June 2010 Available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/46/17/45470565.pdf

Oates, Wallace E. (1972) Fiscal Federalism, New York, Harcourt Brace.

http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/33/0/1904176.pdf

Tags: free essay, international business

Category: Free Essays, History

Source: http://writepass.co.uk/journal/2012/11/the-history-of-international-business-taxation-and-the-effect-of-international-tax-competition/

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Easy Ways On How To Generate profits In The Forex market - Jason

Many individuals feel that Forex currency trading is overly complex, but that?s a misconception. Trading on Forex without understanding how it really works can be a occur. Read on to understand the most important basics of forex currency trading.

You don?t need to to play if you are Foreign currency trading. It?s safer to devote efforts and analysis and careful studying before making your move forex forum.

Never trade over 5 percent of one?s account. Labeling will help you better to take care of it if a trade goes bad. Should you follow this rule, a trade gone sour won?t spoil your whole portfolio. Constant awareness of the good and the bad of volatile markets can create the temptation to get familiar with excessive trading. Steer clear of the temptation to trade too large a share of one?s account , told us Ms Sarah Juzovitch.

Learn to calculate the market and draw your individual conclusions. Reaching your personal conclusions independently, while taking other views into mind, would set you up for achievement.

Bear in mind that it is risky and unwise to behave as though Foreign currency trading is just like game playing. Always do your research prior to making any trade credit card overview .

Never give your strong emotions control the method that you trade. You can find into trouble trading in case you are angry, euphoric, or panicked. You will massively increase risk and become derailed from the goals should you let emotions moderate your trading.

Consider the benefits and drawbacks of turning your account up to an automatic trading system. However, this leads to large losses car insurance .

A great deal of veteran Forex traders keep a journal, charting their wins and losses. They?ll say for you to do precisely the same. Fill your journal operating your failings and successes. Thus giving which you visual record of the progress, which could then periodically review to spot profitable strategies and not-so-profitable strategies

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Include several kinds of analysis in formulation your trading strategy. The differing types are technical analysis, fundamental analysis and sentiment analysis. You need to use the 3 otherwise you?re not operating optimally. As you grow more knowledgeable at trading forex, you can find methods to draw advantages off the whole trio of research types.

It is very important know that accounts which are leveraged highly might not be beneficial. Traders could get more range in cases like this; however, traders without experience run grave risks using high leveraged accounts. It really is quicker to lose excellent deals. Be sure that you understand the risks involved before jumping in.

With regards to the foreign currency market, it is crucial that you understand the various tools that you can use to be able to lessen your risks; the equity stop order is one of these. Using stop orders while Forex currency trading permits you to stop any trading activity whenever your investment falls below a selected total.

This is especially true for starters but relates to seasoned veterans too: keep things simple. Trying to use a system you don?t understand is only going to lose you money. Stay simple and help well-versed methods that you know will cause you to success. As you gain experience via your efforts, you can start to create and expand determined by that knowledge. Any time you become at ease with one way or area, search for also so that you always improve.

Don?t spend money on any Forex creation that guarantees to allow you to wealthy. These types of methods and merchandise provide you with strategies who have not been thouroughly tested, or that have no real track record of performing profitably. Ultimately, the only people involved with these transactions who end up any richer include the sellers. Instead of wasting money on possibly dubious products, spend that initial amount of money over a Forex trader who are able to coach you on what you need to know.

Acknowledging a loss and being prepared to exit at the appropriate interval is a technique of essentially the most successful Forex investors. Lots of people prefer to throw good money after bad, rather than taking out. It is deemed an unwise strategy.

Don?t invest money into an account until you?ve tried a demo version! Be sure to have several months to learn how to operate the trading account. Merely one tenth coming from all people who begin find yourself creating wealth on the market. It?s important to shop around while you begin trading on the Forex market, so you are certainly not one of the 90 % who fail because they do not have in mind the information.

The Canadian dollar is definitely a stable investment. It may be difficult to tell what?s happening in another country?s economy, and this makes things tricky. Often times The canadian dollar is going to be on the same trend in the U. S. dollar, making it an audio investment.

Now, you must learn that trading with Forex will almost certainly have to have a large amount of effort by you. Even though you aren?t selling something by itself does not imply you receive a simple ride. Just be sure you target the tips you?ve learned above, and apply them wherever necessary in order to succeed.

Source: http://mundoti.info/6247/easy-ways-on-how-to-generate-profits-in-the-forex-market/

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Mindwork Labs Raises $1.6M From Mark Pearson For Its Publisher Monetization Platform; Acquires Premier Content Links

Mindwork Labs, the startup behind discount website, MyDeals, has raised a new ?1 million (~$1.6m) round of funding from serial entrepreneur, Mark Pearson, of MyVoucherCodes/Markco Media fame. Pearson is a previous backer of Mindwork Labs, having already invested ?500k, and interestingly, the majority of the additional capital will be used to launch a completely new (slightly stealthy) platform that aims to help publishers grow and monetize their audience.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/tKRhQJN6ncQ/

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Adobe updates Photoshop Touch to get cozy on the iPad mini and Nexus 7

Less than a fortnight has passed since Adobe sent its slate-friendly photo editing app to Amazon's Appstore. Today, the graphics software outfit is rolling out another update of Photoshop Touch that has been optimized for those smaller slates -- particularly the options from Apple and Google. In addition to the tweaks that account for less screen real estate, version 1.4 also touts support for three pressure-sensitive styli (Pogo Connect, Jot Touch and the Jaja stylus), added effects, performance enhancements and the ability to share your creations to both Facebook and Twitter without the need to head elsewhere. A fresh download is available now from iTunes, Google Play and the aforementioned Amazon repository for $10. Consult the full announcement below if you're looking for a few more particulars.

Continue reading Adobe updates Photoshop Touch to get cozy on the iPad mini and Nexus 7

Filed under: Tablets, Software

Comments

Source: Google Play, iTunes, Amazon Appstore

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/11/28/adobe-updates-photoshop-touch-ipad-mini-nexus-7/

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Egypt crisis raises fears of 'second revolution'

In this Friday, July 13, 2012 photo, Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi holds a joint news conference with Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki, unseen, at the Presidential palace in Cairo, Egypt. Egypt's Islamist president may look like he's running out of options as he faces an appeals court strike and massive opposition protests over decrees granting himself near absolute power. Will he back down now? Most likely not. Mohammed Morsi's next move may be to raise the stakes even higher. Signs are growing the constitutional panel at the heart of the showdown could vote on a draft this week despite a walkout by liberal and Christian members. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

In this Friday, July 13, 2012 photo, Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi holds a joint news conference with Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki, unseen, at the Presidential palace in Cairo, Egypt. Egypt's Islamist president may look like he's running out of options as he faces an appeals court strike and massive opposition protests over decrees granting himself near absolute power. Will he back down now? Most likely not. Mohammed Morsi's next move may be to raise the stakes even higher. Signs are growing the constitutional panel at the heart of the showdown could vote on a draft this week despite a walkout by liberal and Christian members. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

Egyptian protesters clash with security forces near Tahrir square, in Cairo, Egypt, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. Egyptian state television says the country's highest appeal court has decided to suspend its work nationwide to protest the president's decrees giving himself nearly absolute powers. (AP Photo/ Khalil Hamra)

Egyptian protesters clash with security forces near Tahrir square, in Cairo, Egypt, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. Egyptian state television says the country's highest appeal court has decided to suspend its work nationwide to protest the president's decrees giving himself nearly absolute powers. (AP Photo/ Khalil Hamra)

In this Friday, July 13, 2012 photo, Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi holds a joint news conference with Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki, unseen, at the Presidential palace in Cairo, Egypt. Egypt's Islamist president may look like he's running out of options as he faces an appeals court strike and massive opposition protests over decrees granting himself near absolute power. Will he back down now? Most likely not. Mohammed Morsi's next move may be to raise the stakes even higher. Signs are growing the constitutional panel at the heart of the showdown could vote on a draft this week despite a walkout by liberal and Christian members. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

In this Friday, July 13, 2012 photo, Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi holds a joint news conference with Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki, unseen, at the Presidential palace in Cairo, Egypt. Egypt's Islamist president may look like he's running out of options as he faces an appeals court strike and massive opposition protests over decrees granting himself near absolute power. Will he back down now? Most likely not. Mohammed Morsi's next move may be to raise the stakes even higher. Signs are growing the constitutional panel at the heart of the showdown could vote on a draft this week despite a walkout by liberal and Christian members. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

CAIRO (AP) ? Faced with an unprecedented strike by the courts and massive opposition protests, Egypt's Islamist president is not backing down in the showdown over decrees granting him near-absolute powers.

Activists warn that his actions threaten a "second revolution," but Mohammed Morsi faces a different situation than his ousted predecessor, Hosni Mubarak: He was democratically elected and enjoys the support of the nation's most powerful political movement.

Already, Morsi is rushing the work of an Islamist-dominated constitutional assembly at the heart of the power struggle, with a draft of the charter expected as early as Thursday, despite a walkout by liberal and Christian members that has raised questions about the panel's legitimacy.

The next step would be for Morsi to call a nationwide referendum on the document. If adopted, parliamentary elections would be held by the spring.

Wednesday brought a last-minute scramble to seize the momentum over Egypt's political transition. Morsi's camp announced that his Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamists will stage a massive rally in Cairo's Tahrir Square, the plaza where more than 200,000 opposition supporters gathered a day earlier.

The Islamists' choice of the square for Saturday's rally raises the possibility of clashes. Several hundred Morsi opponents are camped out there, and another group is fighting the police on a nearby street.

"It is tantamount to a declaration of war," said liberal politician Mustafa al-Naggar, speaking on the private Al-Tahrir TV station.

Morsi remains adamant that his decrees, which place him above oversight of any kind, including by the courts, are in the interest of the nation's transition to democratic rule.

Backing down may not be an option for the 60-year-old U.S.-educated engineer.

Doing so would significantly weaken him and the Brotherhood at a time when their image has been battered by widespread charges that they are too preoccupied with tightening their grip on power to effectively tackle the country's many pressing problems.

Morsi's pride is also a key factor in a country where most people look to their leader as an invincible figure.

He may not be ready to stomach another public humiliation after backing down twice since taking office in June. His attempt to reinstate parliament's Islamist-dominated lower chamber after it was disbanded in July by the Supreme Constitutional Court was overturned by that same court. Last month, Morsi was forced to reinstate the country's top prosecutor just days after firing him when the judiciary ruled it was not within his powers to do so.

Among Morsi's first acts after seizing near-absolute powers last week was to fire the prosecutor again.

Unlike last year's anti-Mubarak uprising, calls for Morsi's ouster have so far been restricted to zealous chants by protesters, with the opposition focusing its campaign on demands that he rescind his decrees, disband the constitutional panel and replace it with a more inclusive one, and fire the Cabinet of Prime Minister Hesham Kandil.

"There is no practical means for Morsi's ouster short of a coup, which is very, very unlikely," said Augustus Richard Norton, a Middle East expert from Boston University.

Still, the opposition, whose main figures played a key role in the anti-Mubarak uprising, may be tempted to try to force Morsi from office if they continue to draw massive crowds like Tuesday's rally, which rivaled some of the biggest anti-Mubarak demonstrations. They will also likely take advantage of the growing popular discontent with Morsi's government and the fragility of his mandate ? he won just 51 percent of the vote in a presidential election fought against Mubarak's last prime minister.

With the country still reeling from the aftershocks of the 18-day uprising that toppled Mubarak's 29-year regime, activists and analysts warn that any escalation carries the risk of a second, and possibly bloody, revolution ? pitting Islamists against non-Islamists, including liberals, women and minority Christians.

Ominous signs abound. Anti-Morsi crowds have attacked at least a dozen offices belonging to the Brotherhood across the nation since last week. Clashes between the two sides have left at least two dead and hundreds wounded.

The violence and polarization has led to warnings from some newspaper columnists and the public at large of the potential for "civil war."

"As opposed to seeking face-saving compromises, (escalation by Morsi) would indicate starkly that Egypt's leaders have increasingly come to understand the current moment in zero-sum terms," said Michael W. Hanna, an Egypt expert from the New York-based Century Foundation.

"Beyond the political dangers it poses, the move will increase the risks that the contests for power will spill over into the streets, with civil strife a real possibility."

While potentially destabilizing, Morsi's tug-of-war with the liberal opposition pales in comparison to his battle with the powerful judiciary, which considers the president's decrees an unprecedented assault on its authority.

On Wednesday, judges of the nation's highest appeals court and its lower sister court went on strike to protest the decrees, joining hundreds of other judges who have not worked since Sunday.

The Supreme Constitutional Court, which is to rule Sunday on the legality of the constitutional panel and parliament's upper chamber ? both dominated by Morsi's Brotherhood and other Islamists ? admonished the president for accusing it of trying to bring down his government.

The loss of the judiciary's goodwill could prove costly for Morsi.

Already, the judges are warning that, unless their demands are met, they will not assume their traditional role of supervising a referendum on a new constitution or the parliamentary elections that would follow. Without them, the legitimacy of any vote would be in question.

"This is the highest form of protest," said Nasser Amin, head of the Arab Center for the Independence of the Judiciary and the Legal Profession. "The judges felt that the constitutional declaration has taken away from them the dearest and most important mandates" ? oversight of government decisions.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2012-11-28-Egypt-Second%20Revolution?/id-276cb9e938b2485e83f37be2316e923b

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Must Watch: Galaxy Note 2 Replaces The PC [ColdFustion]
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Source: http://forums.ferra.ru/index.php?showtopic=53166

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Forrester: Microsoft licence hike makes no sense

Windows users can expect a 15% increase in the cost of licensing key Microsoft products as the software giant raises its prices.

From December 1 2012, Microsoft will increase the price of per-user licensing of several products including Exchange, its Lync communications server, Windows Server and Terminal Services.

The change in price reflects change in usage, as more users access Windows software from several devices, rather than a single PC. But analyst Forrester believes the licence fee increase is flawed and will erode the value of its products against the likes of Google.

Forrester's Duncan Jones said Microsoft was struggling to decide how to shift from device Client Access Licences (CALs) to per-user CALs.?

?A lot of companies are on device licensing. Some have a mixture. If everyone has PC then per user makes sense, but if you are a company like a manufacturer where not all users have a PC, then per device is cheaper,? said Jones.

But per-device licensing for software is obsolete in the mobile and virtual world according to Jones.?

"It is impossible to control and not relevant to the app internet world. Gradually software companies will change licensing accordingly,? he said.

However Jones believes Microsoft?s approach to changing its client access licensing is flawed.?

He said: ?I told Microsoft it was a mistake to charge more for user CALs than device CALs.?It?s inside-out thinking.?

"There is no evidence that people are deriving more value from MS software and people will not be willing to pay 15% more because they can access it from a tablet.?

While Microsoft has increased the pricing of user CALs to address device proliferation, it has not added anything extra to justify the price increase. He said they should have cut the cost of device CALs rather than increase user CALs.?

?User CALs are not more valuable than device CALs. Device CALs now have less value,? said Jones.

He believes the change in pricing will affect how IT departments upgrade. If they have an Enterprise Agreement (EA), their organisation buys the right to upgrade to the newest product release, but businesses may consider they are happy with the current release.?

?Many will likely stay put on current versions,? he added, which will impact EA revenue.

Lack of communication

In a research paper on Microsoft's licensing price increase, analyst Gartner criticised Microsoft for not informing its customers directly. The supplier has relied on software resellers to explain to customers what the price increase will mean.?

In the report, Gartner research direct Frances O'Brien noted: ?Gartner agrees that some, but not all Microsoft customers may have received additional value from user-based CALs.?

"But we believe that Microsoft?s silence and lack of advance notice to its customers may prove problematic for some organisations that rush to renew early, simply to avoid a price increase.?

"These price hikes ? combined with licensing changes and the inherent cost implications for SQL 2012, System Center 2012, Windows Server 2012, and the price changes alluded to in Microsoft's 1 October 2012 Product Use Rights Document for SharePoint Server 2013 and Lync Server 2013 ? could add unexpected expenses to some customers' budgets.?

Phil Heap, head of products and services at Fast, the software asset management specialist, said: ?This adds another layer of complexity to Microsoft licensing and it?s obviously being driven by the need for flexible and mobile working scenarios.?

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Installed price of solar photovoltaic systems in US continues to decline at rapid pace

ScienceDaily (Nov. 27, 2012) ? The installed price of solar photovoltaic (PV) power systems in the United States fell substantially in 2011 and through the first half of 2012, according to the latest edition of Tracking the Sun, an annual PV cost-tracking report produced by the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab).

The median installed price of residential and commercial PV systems completed in 2011 fell by roughly 11 to 14 percent from the year before, depending on system size, and, in California, prices fell by an additional 3 to 7 percent within the first six months of 2012. These recent installed price reductions are attributable, in large part, to dramatic reductions in PV module prices, which have been falling precipitously since 2008.

The report indicates that non-module costs -- such as installation labor, marketing, overhead, inverters, and the balance of systems -- have also fallen significantly over time. "The drop in non-module costs is especially important," notes report co-author Ryan Wiser of Berkeley Lab's Environmental Energy Technologies Division, "as these costs can be most readily influenced by local, state, and national policies aimed at accelerating deployment and removing market barriers." According to the report, average non-module costs for residential and commercial systems declined by roughly 30 percent from 1998 to 2011, but have not declined as rapidly as module prices in recent years. As a result, non-module costs now represent a sizable fraction of the installed price of PV systems, and continued deep reduction in the price of PV will require concerted emphasis on lowering the portion of non-module costs associated with so-called "business process" or "soft" costs.

The report indicates that the median installed price of PV systems installed in 2011 was $6.10 per watt (W) for residential and small commercial systems smaller than 10 kilowatts (kW) in size and was $4.90/W for larger commercial systems of 100 kW or more in size. Utility-sector PV systems larger than 2,000 kW in size averaged $3.40/W in 2011. Report co-author Galen Barbose, also of Berkeley Lab, stresses the importance of keeping these numbers in context, noting that "these data provide a reliable benchmark for systems installed in the recent past, but prices have continued to decline over time, and PV systems being sold today are being offered at lower prices."

Based on these data and on installed price data from other major international PV markets, the authors suggest that PV prices in the United States may be driven lower through large-scale deployment programs, but that other factors are also important in achieving installed price reductions.

The market for solar PV systems in the United States has grown rapidly over the past decade, as national, state and local governments offered various incentives to expand the solar market and accelerate cost reductions. This fifth edition in Berkeley Lab's Tracking the Sun reportseries describes historical trends in the installed price of PV in the United States, and examines more than 150,000 residential, commercial, and utility-sector PV systems installed between 1998 and 2011 across 27 states, representing roughly 76 percent of all grid-connected PV capacity installed in the United States. Na?m Darghouth, also with Berkeley Lab, explains that "the study is intended to provide policy makers and industry observers with a reliable and detailed set of historical benchmarks for tracking and understanding past trends in the installed price of PV."

Prices Differ by Region and by Size and Type of System

The study also highlights the significant variability in PV system pricing, some of which is associated with differences in installed prices by region and by system size and installation type. Comparing across U.S. states, for example, the median installed price of PV systems less than 10 kW in size that were completed in 2011 and ranged from $4.90/W to $7.60/W, depending on the state.

It also shows that PV installed prices exhibit significant economies of scale. Among systems installed in 2011, the median price for systems smaller than 2 kW was $7.70/W, while the median price for large commercial systems greater than 1,000 kW in size was $4.50/W. Utility-scale systems installed in 2011 registered even lower prices, with most systems larger than 10,000 kW ranging from $2.80/W to $3.50/W.

The report also finds that the installed price of residential PV systems on new homes has generally been significantly lower than the price of similarly sized systems installed as retrofits to existing homes, that building integrated PV systems have generally been higher priced than rack-mounted systems, and that systems installed on tax-exempt customer sites have generally been priced higher than those installed at residential and for-profit commercial customer sites.

Price Declines for PV System Owners in 2011 Were Offset by Falling Incentives

State agencies and utilities in many regions offer rebates or other forms of cash incentives for residential and commercial PV systems. According to the report, the median pre-tax value of such cash incentives ranged from $0.90/W to $1.20/W for systems installed in 2011, depending on system size. These incentives have declined significantly over time, falling by roughly 80 percent over the past decade, and by 21 percent to 43 percent from just 2010 to 2011. Rather than a direct cash incentive, some states with renewables portfolio standards provide financial incentives for solar PV by creating a market for solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs), and SREC prices have also fallen dramatically in recent years. These declines in cash incentives and SREC prices have, to a significant degree, offset recent installed price reductions, dampening any overall improvement in the customer economics of solar PV.

The report Tracking the Sun V: An Historical Summary of the Installed Price of Photovoltaics in the United States from 1998 to 2011, by Galen Barbose, Na?m Darghouth, and Ryan Wiser, may be downloaded from: http://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/LBNL-5919e-REPORT.pdf.

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Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/AbBJiWU30oQ/121127130258.htm

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SKorea says US socialite ousted as honorary consul

SEOUL, South Korea (AP) ? South Korea has decided to revoke an honorary title given to an American socialite tied to the scandal involving former CIA director David Petraeus.

A Foreign Ministry official said Monday that Jill Kelley misused her title as South Korean honorary consul. He wouldn't elaborate.

South Korea's Yonhap news agency quoted Deputy Foreign Minister Kim Kyou-hyun as telling reporters in Washington that Kelley used her title for personal gain.

Kelley had complained to an FBI agent about threatening emails she had received telling her to stay away from Petraeus, who once commanded Central Command at MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa, Florida. Petraeus knew Kelley from parties and events around Tampa.

Agents tracked the emails to Petraeus biographer Paula Broadwell, who was having an affair with the former general.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-11-26-SKorea-US-Generals%20Scandal/id-69ce4badd810497db20f33624c815210

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Gifting the boss could be bad for your career

Leah-Anne Thompson

Is it a good idea to give the boss a holiday gift?

By Dana Macario, TODAY contributor

Holiday gift exchanges at work can be veritable political minefields, and few are trickier to navigate than the question of "gifting up" -- giving the boss a gift.

Some employers may expect gifts from their employees. Others may disdain them. And when it comes to how the boss treats the employees, some employers land squarely on the "nice" list and others on the "naughty."

Sherri Athay, author of ?Present Perfect: Unforgettable Gifts for Every Occasion,? generally advises employees not to get the boss a present. However, she says that small?gifts, such as baked goods, are appropriate.

April Masini, who pens the online advice column,?AskApril.com, cautions that it?s important to understand your workplace?s culture.

?If you're not sure, ask around. Some companies are very easygoing about gifting up and anything goes. Others frown on it. And still others expect it,? Masini told TODAY Money. "This kind of etiquette isn't going to be in a human resources handout. Use your social skills to figure out your company's unwritten rules.??

While the experts say skip it, or at least proceed with caution, employees also have mixed feelings about giving the boss a gift.

?I?ve never done this or wanted to ? then, my last boss was a really bad one, a bully," said?Susan Moon of Seattle.?"My current boss is terrific, I have more appreciation because of my immediate prior bad experience, and I?m finding myself wanting to find a small gift to 'gift up' this year.??

Most employees who were comfortable with the idea of giving the boss a gift felt it should be more of a token gift rather than a big, under-the-tree type of present. ?I usually just bring snacks for the staff and our boss on holiday weeks. They are all men, so they would eat anything I bring, but they always make me feel as though I saved the day when I bring food to work,? said Megan Okerstrom of San Angelo, Texas.

Where employees can really start to get resentful when it comes to gifting up is when bosses seem to expect (or at least accept) large, lavish gifts. ?It still makes me mad that my co-workers at the dental office expected us to give?$50?to get our bosses stuff like a new camera and a Longchamp bag," said Ky Ivany of Pomfret, Vt.?"They were dentists;?I think they can afford their own cameras.??

Of course, the best gifts are priceless. ?I like to give my boss the gift of pretending to care about my job every day,? said?Jeff Mac of Albuquerque, N.M.

The type of organization you work for can have a lot to do with the practice of gifting up. Those in the military, who work for the government or who are members of unions are likely to find the practice frowned upon, if not banned outright.

Even if you leave the service, you might find some of those values sticking with you, come gift time. ?My attitudes were formed in the Army, but I think they are universal,? said Rob Mood of Houston. ?Demanding or even accepting 'stuff' from subordinates is a sure sign of abysmal leadership and probably much more rot at the heart.?

While some employers may enjoy or even expect gifts from their subordinates, others are uncomfortable with the idea. ?From the perspective of a boss, don't buy me anything,? said Maggie Reed of Davenport, Iowa. ?I am a firm believer in the separation of boss and employee for ethical reasons."?

Jody Gowdy of Maple Valley, Wash., echoed those sentiments. "I would never expect something and honestly find it uncomfortable when it has happened in years past. We give the employees something every year as a thank you for job well done. But I would say no."

If you do decide to give a present to the boss, experts have some advice on how to do it gracefully. ?Make sure you keep it humble and a token of your appreciation," Masini advises. "It's inappropriate to 'one up' your boss's gift. It may make your boss feel uncomfortable.? ?

Masini also notes that employees should make sure any?gift is in line with their?salary. "If you make minimum wage, and you give your boss an Hermes scarf or a ... bottle of champagne, they're going to think they're paying you too much or you're terrible with money.??

Masini also warns employees to make sure to gift in the proper chain of command. "In other words, don't?gift jump?by ignoring your immediate boss, and gifting your boss's boss. Gift jumping is bad politics and will yield you in hot water.??

How do you feel about the practice of gifting up? Tell us about it on Facebook.

Dana Macario is a Seattle-area writer who likes a small gift for a good boss ? when you get a good one, it?s nice to let them know.

{"contentId":"15461135","totalVotes":"2833"}

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Video: Market's Biggest Movers

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Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/cnbc/49968163/

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Vampires foil Tooth Fairy, Santa to claim box office win

(Reuters) - Teen vampire film "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2" took another bite of the domestic box office, drawing $64 million in ticket sales over the five-day Thanksgiving holiday weekend to finish ahead of the James Bond film "Skyfall."

After opening with a massive $141.1 million last weekend, the finale of the "Twilight" franchise brought in a holiday swarm of fans to see teen favorites Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart and Taylor Lautner, pushing "Breaking Dawn" to $227 million in domestic ticket sales.

"Skyfall," starring Daniel Craig in the 23rd installment of the James Bond franchise, finished second, collecting $51 million in weekend ticket sales in the United States and Canada, according to studio estimates compiled by the box office division of Hollywood.com.

"Lincoln," Steven Spielberg's historical film on the last days of President Abraham Lincoln, grabbed third with $34.1 million over the Wednesday-through-Sunday period.

Making its debut in fourth place with $32.6 million was the animated film "Rise of the Guardians," featuring the voices of Chris Pine and Alec Baldwin as the Tooth Fairy, Santa Claus and other childhood favorites save the world.

"Life of Pi," based on Yann Martel's 2001 best-seller about a boy who survives on a raft with a tiger after a ship sinks, collected $30.15 million for a strong fifth-place finish.

(Reporting By Ronald Grover and Chris Michaud; Editing by Bill Trott)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/vampires-foil-tooth-fairy-santa-claim-box-office-174007701--finance.html

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Chris Brown Feud Fallout: Singer "Not Upset," Bids Farewell to Team Breezy on Twitter

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/11/chris-brown-feud-fallout-singer-not-upset-bids-farewell-to-team/

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Calling all Google TV Owners Past and Present

Hey, are you an early and/or current Google TV adopter/user? Want to talk about it? Whether you love/loved/hate/hated it, we have some questions for you, so raise your virtual hand! More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/eBQre6u_Rbs/calling-all-google-tv-owners-past-and-present

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Cancer patient gets wish, Giants play like champs

New York Giants defensive end Osi Umenyiora (72) knocks the ball away from Green Bay Packers' Aaron Rodgers (12) during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Nov. 25, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)

New York Giants defensive end Osi Umenyiora (72) knocks the ball away from Green Bay Packers' Aaron Rodgers (12) during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Nov. 25, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)

New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning (10) signals a touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Nov. 25, 2012 in East Rutherford, N.J. After further review Manning's pass to Hakeem Nicks was ruled a touchdown. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)

New York Giants wide receiver Hakeem Nicks (88) signals for a touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game against the Green Bay Packers, Sunday, Nov. 25, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. After further review quarterback Eli Manning's pass to Nicks was ruled a touchdown. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)

New York Giants running back Ahmad Bradshaw, right, celebrates with teammate Martellus Bennett, left, after scoring a touchdown during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Nov. 25, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)

Green Bay Packers' Aaron Rodgers (12) reacts during the second half of an NFL football game against the New York Giants on Sunday, Nov. 25, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)

EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. (AP) ? A week off, some rest and a poignant plea from a 15-year-old cancer patient got the New York Giants back on track.

Now the rest of the NFL has something to worry about. The Giants are playing like world champions again.

A refreshed Eli Manning came back from the bye week and threw three touchdown passes as the Giants embarrassed Aaron Rodgers and the streaking Green Bay Packers 38-10 on Sunday night.

The win snapped a two-game losing streak and gave the Giants (7-4) a two-game lead in the NFC East with five games left in the regular season. The dominating performance also ended a five-game winning streak for the Packers (7-4), who fell a game behind Chicago in the NFC North.

"We just had to go out there with a lot of confidence and play like we are capable," Giants center David Baas said. "I felt we did that. We showed everybody. People that counted us out, they better wake up."

No one was more pleased with the Giants than Adam Merchant. The 15-year-old fan from Barre, Vt., attended Friday's practice and Sunday's game, thanks to the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

Merchant spoke to the team after practice and seemed to remind them what it's all about.

"I told them to go out and play like world champs," he said, sitting at a locker next to defensive captain Justin Tuck.

When asked why he gave the message, he shot back:

"Because we really needed to go out and play like world champs."

Against the Packers, the Giants did.

Manning, who had not thrown a touchdown in three games, had scoring strikes of 16 yards to rookie Rueben Randle, 9 yards to Victor Cruz and 13 to Hakeem Nicks. The last one gave him 200 for his career, breaking the team record held by Phil Simms.

"The thing I'm most proud of tonight is the way we played and getting a win," said Manning, who was 16 of 30 for 249 yards. "This was a big game, we needed to come out and play well and get a win. We finally got back to playing offense, defense, special teams, all of us playing at a high level, playing as a team, and hopefully we can build off of this momentum."

Everybody seemed to contribute. Ahmad Bradshaw ran 13 yards for a touchdown and went 59-yards with a screen pass to set up Andre Brown's 2-yard TD run on the opening drive.

The defense sacked Rodgers five times and set up 10 points with Corey Webster's pick leading to Lawrence Tynes' field goal and Osi Umenyiora's strip-sack and Jason Pierre-Paul's 10-yard return setting up Bradshaw's TD run that gave New York a 31-10 lead.

The 31 points were the most scored by the Giants in a half this season, and it pretty much decided the game.

The only negative was Brown broke his left leg in the second half and his season looks done.

The Packers were done before that, at as far as this game.

"I think this is a game that makes everybody look inside and find out what you're about," coach Mike McCarthy said. "I haven't felt like this since the first game I coached as a Green Bay Packers head coach. Beaten very thoroughly tonight. It doesn't taste good. It doesn't feel good."

Rodgers got Green Bay off to a great start, connecting with Jordy Nelson on a 61-yard scoring pass on its first series. There was little else to celebrate in a game where he finished 14 of 25 for 219 yards, an interception and a lost fumble.

"You win five in a row and everyone is happy, but like I said last year during the run, there are things that go under the radar that need to be handled," Rodgers said "Sometimes it takes a loss. ... We need to remember this feeling and not have this kind of embarrassment happen again.

The Packers were missing such key starters as linebacker Clay Matthews, defensive back Charles Woodson and receiver Greg Jennings, and it showed as they were manhandled by the Giants for the second straight time. New York beat them 37-20 in the NFC semifinal, a game some Packers said they lost more than the Giants won.

This one, there was no doubt who was the better team.

"We went out there and proved it," Merchant said.

Manning was impressed with the way Merchant handled himself, saying players felt it was special that the youngster had one wish and chose to spend time with the Giants.

"He had the opportunity to come out and talk to the team, so Coach Coughlin does a great job and all the players do a great job of making him feel welcome and fired up," Manning said. "It can be kind of nerve-racking to come talk to your favorite team and have a little pep talk, but he did a great job and he said to go show everybody you're the world champions and why you're the world champions and play that way. I think it got everybody fired up and obviously we came out and played the way that we know we can."

The Giants never trailed after Manning's touchdown pass to Randle, the first of his career. Webster's interception set up Tynes' field goal for a 17-7 lead and Cruz capped a 61-yard drive early in the second quarter to push the lead to 24-7.

A short field goal by Mason Crosby got Green Bay within two touchdowns, but Umenyiora's forced fumble set up Bradshaw's TD run and the game was over by halftime.

NOTES: The Giants lost safety Kenny Phillips with a knee injury in the third quarter. He was making his first appearance since Week 4. ... Giants right tackle David Diehl sustained a stinger in the first half. ... Green Bay lost safety M.D. Jennings (rib), DE C.J. Wilson (knee), and RB Johnny White (concussion). ... Giants tight end Martellus Bennett caught a fan who leaned too far over the lower railing trying to grab a glove Bennett was giving a child after the game. The fan was arrested.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-11-26-Packers-Giants%20Folo/id-be3296c27dc943a1b0732c45a681ff49

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Dog Freaks Out Over Beggin' Strips (VIDEO)

We're not sure what's in Beggin' Strips, but judging by this dog's reaction, it must be magic.

Also on HuffPost:

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/24/dog-freaks-out-over-beggin-strips_n_2185339.html

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Alt-week 11.24.12: new galaxies, quantum foam and 3D printed game controllers

Alt-week takes a look at the best science and alternative tech stories from the last seven days.

This week, it's all about the hard stuff. Science, that is. Whatever you were thinking of, forget it. Anyhoo, NASA has peeked a galaxy far, far away, quantum foam might be proven with a fridge and a laser, self-filling water bottles could be in our future and we could see 3D printed Xbox controllers in our lifetime. This, friends, is alt-week.

Continue reading Alt-week 11.24.12: new galaxies, quantum foam and 3D printed game controllers

Filed under: Science, Alt

Comments

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/ONPHXNstRYY/

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I'm Dreaming of a War on Christmas (Little green footballs)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/265901460?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Lady Gaga Surprised By 35 Little Monsters In Her Garage!

Lady Gaga Surprised By 35 Little Monsters In Her Garage!

Lady Gaga was shocked to find 35 of her fans in her garage on Thursday night. The singer celebrated Thanksgiving with friends and family and had gotten up to finish off some leftovers when she discovered her unexpected visitors. The singer is currently touring in Peru and staying in a rented home with some friends ...

Lady Gaga Surprised By 35 Little Monsters In Her Garage! Stupid Celebrities Gossip Stupid Celebrities Gossip News

Source: http://stupidcelebrities.net/2012/11/lady-gaga-surprised-by-35-little-monsters-in-her-garage/

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Holiday Shipping | Natural Holistic Health Blog

Guest Post Courtesy of the Xtend-Life Blog

It is getting close to that time of year again when many of our customers world-wide celebrate Christmas and other holidays. A large number of our customers send some of our products to family and friends as gifts. Sometimes because of delays in the mail, the packages may arrive late which could lead to disappointment. We have checked with New Zealand Post as to the last day that we could ship packages and guarantee delivery by 25 December. These dates are: USA, Canada, UK and other European countries, Asia/Pacific: 3rd December (NZ time) / December 2 (US time) Australia: 10th December All other countries: 30th November If you have a regular scheduled order and you want to ensure that you have it before Christmas, please go into your account and adjust the shipping date just for your next order. Alternatively, contact one of our customer relations staff on customer.service@xtend-life.com and they will arrange it for you.

Read more:
Holiday Shipping

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About Xtend Life

In 1998 Warren Matthews (a New Zealander) then 51 years of age reached a turning point in his life due to a number of ?interesting? experiences. If you would like to know more about these please go to Warren?s blog for more background. Also as many people do when they reach 50 years of age he started becoming more aware of the generally poor health of others around him, both young and old. Friends would occasionally contract diseases, some terminal such as cancer, or die suddenly from heart attacks. Early in 2000 Xtend-Life Natural Products (Intl) Ltd went ?live? and made available to the public its first generation of Total Balance a highly sophisticated multi nutrient supplement (as opposed to a multi vitamin/mineral supplement). Dr Munem now directs the Xtend-Life Research and Development Department and has become a close friend of Warren?s. Since the first products were released in 2000 Xtend-Life has enjoyed a steady growth thanks to an ever increasing foundation of loyal customers who purchase products every month and refer their friends and family to Xtend-Life as well.

Source: http://www.natural-holistic-health.com/holiday-shipping/

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Climate change: Believing and seeing implies adapting

ScienceDaily (Nov. 22, 2012) ? To communicate climate change and adaptation to stakeholders such as European forest owners is a challenge. A capacity to adapt to climate change has, until now, mainly been understood as how trees and forest ecosystems can adapt to climate change and which socio-economic factors determine the implementation of adaptive measures.

The new study lead by Kristina Blennow from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), shows, for the first time, the importance of two personal factors; when forest owners believe in and see the effects of climate change, they are more likely to have taken adaptive measures. These two personal factors almost completely explain and predict forest owners' adaptation to climate change.

The paper was published online in the journal PLOS ONE on 21 November 2012.

Knowing what triggers humans to respond to climate change is crucial in communicating climate change policies. Because climate is defined in terms of average weather, climate change has been claimed to have low salience as a risk issue because it cannot be directly experienced. An international team of scientists from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lund University (Sweden), the Technical University of Lisbon (Portugal), the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL and the University of Freiburg (Germany) present, based on survey data from 845 private forest owners operating across Europe, that a substantial proportion of the respondents strongly believe that they have directly perceived climate change. Furthermore, the researchers present the first evidence that the personal strength of belief and perception of local effects of climate change significantly and almost completely explain and predict their responses to climate change.

The results are ?based on responses to a questionnaire among private forest owners in Sweden, Germany and Portugal. These countries represent a north-south gradient across Europe and cover a wide range of bio-climatic conditions as well as economic-social-political structures. In addition to socio-demographic data (gender, age, size of forest holding etc.), the survey addressed three main questions: how strongly do forest owners believe that climate change will affect their forest, how strongly do they believe that they have experienced local effects of climate change? and have they adapted their forest management in response to climate change? Using statistical models, the collected data was used to simulate estimated expected probabilities of having taken measures to adapt to climate change.

Fifty percent of the forest area in Europe is privately owned. Hence, the results of the study show that the personal climate change belief and perception of those who make decisions for adaptation at the local level strongly influences the adaptive capacity of a substantial proportion of the European forest sector.

The findings of the team of researchers have implications for effective climate change policy communication. They indicate that gathering and disseminating evidence of climate change and its effects could be an efficient strategy to increase people?s perceptions of having experienced climate change and hence to consider the need to take adaptive measures.

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Journal Reference:

1. Kristina Blennow, Johannes Persson, Margarida Tom?, Marc Hanewinkel. Climate Change: Believing and Seeing Implies Adapting. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (11): e50182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050182

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/dsVyVB4frKU/121122095415.htm

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